Analytical investigation on the rotational behavior of dovetail mortise–tenon joints between beams and columns in traditional Chinese timber frames

We theoretically analyzed the rotational behavior of beam–column dovetail joints in traditional Chinese timber frames in this study. An analytical model of dovetail joints at both the column head and body was designed by clarifying the moment generation mechanism and effect of rotational embedment yielding in timber perpendicular to the grain on the rotational behavior of joints. An asynchronous manifestation of rotational embedment deformation across the column surface, tenon cheeks, and upper and lower surfaces of the tenon head was analyzed, and the corresponding characteristic yield points and consequent reduction in rotational stiffness were derived in the model. The Inayama embedment theory was used to clarify the effect of rotational embedment with varying end lengths on the movement of the joint rotation center and asymmetric moment generated in different rotation directions of the column head joint. The precision of the analytical model was validated through a comparative analysis by involving nine sets of experimental data, for estimating the initial stiffness, post-yield stiffness, and identified yield points. The implications of the parameters, including the initial gap between the tenon and mortise, geometric dimensions of the dovetail tenon, and friction coefficient, were also discussed. Controlling the ratio of the initial gap and tenon height within 0.01 to ensure a certain rotational resistance of dovetail beam–column joints within the collapse limits of traditional timber frames is recommended considering the significant effect of the initial gap on the initial sliding angle and moment reduction.