An observational study on prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and outcome of 3HP treatment in patients under hemodialysis in Taiwan

Identification and treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are of great epidemiological importance of controlling tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. Identification in high-risk population on dialysis and treatment with 12-week weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid (3HP) help improve prevention outcomes effectively. We conducted a single-center, nonrandomized follow-up study on end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis. The interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) was used for the diagnosis of LTBI. Participants were treated with 3HP, and treatment responses were recorded and analyzed. A total of 123 of the 641 patients showed positive IGRA results. The male sex, age >60 years, low serum albumin level ( 10.2 mg/dL) were associated with IGRA positivity. Seventy-five patients were treated with 3HP, with a completion rate of 66.67%. The male sex, albumin level >4.0 g/dL, and absence of adverse drug reaction were associated with increased completion rates. Adverse drug reactions included dizziness, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, fever, and hypertension. Risk factors for LTBI in dialysis patients were identified to prioritize LTBI screening and initiate early treatment. The completion rate in dialysis patients were approximately 2 of 3 patients with mild adverse drug reaction, leading to discontinuation of the treatment.