Experience with arteriovenous fistula creation for maintenance hemodialysis in a tertiary hospital in South-Western Nigeria

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is prevalent in our region. A major mode of treatment is by maintenance hemodialysis, and reliable vascular access is paramount for this to be successful. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation offers permanent vascular access in patients with ESRD. We present our experience on AVF creation over a 10-year period. Our objective was to retrospectively review the outcome of all cases of AVF that have been created for ESRD patients at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife Nigeria between January 2006 and December 2015. The demographic characteristics, indications, clinical and intraoperative findings, operative complications and outcomes were filled into a pre-designed proforma. A total of 80 cases were reviewed. The age range was 17–80 years, with a mean of 49.03 ± 16.34 years. Males (85%) were more common than females (15%). Chronic glomerulonephritis and hypertension accounted for about 77.5% of etiology of ESRD in these patients. The left (non-dominant) upper limb was used in 88.1% of cases whereas 11.9% were created on the right upper limb. The distal radio-cephalic AVF (76.3%) was most commonly performed; with either the end (vein) to side (artery) (68.8%) or side-to-side (31.2%) anastomotic techniques employed. There was a primary failure in six patients (7.5%). Primary failure was more common in diabetics and thrombosis (7.5%) was the most common cause for primary failure. AVF creation has very good outcome in well-selected patients.