Development of Methods of the Directional Structural Change and Properties of Constructional Materials by Stimulation of Relaxation Processes in the NSC ‘KhPhTI’: The Review Dedicated to the 80th Anniversary of the National Scientific Centre ‘Kharkiv Physicotechnical Institute’

In the review, new methods and physical mechanisms of influence of temperature–force, magnetic and ultrasonic fields on a structural state of various constructional materials based on transition elements for activization of relaxation processes are described, which were developed in the National Scientific Centre ‘the Kharkiv Physicotechnical Institute’. The structural states providing directed change of physicomechanical properties and formation of the set complex of operational characteristics in metals, alloys and composite materials are obtained.