CRY1 Gene Polymorphism and Racing Performance of Homing Pigeons

Cryptochromes (CRY) are the family of proteins proposed as the putative magnetoreceptor molecules. In birds, among others in pigeons, CRY1 is widely expressed in a retina. Homing pigeons are known for their navigational abilities, and pigeon racing is a popular sport. So, the purpose of this study was to analyze the variability of the nucleotide sequence of the homing pigeon gene, spanning the region coding the two amino acids W320 and W374 of Trp-triad, and estimate the relationship between genotypes and the racing performance. Investigations were carried out on 129 pigeons. Analysis of sequencing results indicated the to change within the seventh intron of gene. Genotypes were determined by the forced PCR-RFLP method. The influence of detected polymorphism on the results of racing pigeons in 100-400 km flights was shown. The individuals achieved significantly higher ( ≤ 0.05) mean values of ace points (AP) than the ones. Regarding the detected nucleotide change localization, the polymorphism may be involved in gene expression modulation. The to change in gene may be considered as a potential genetic marker of racing performance in homing pigeons.