Protection des personnes LGBT+ en Europe : le cadre juridique national et de l’Union européenne

This chapter explores the legal framework in place in Europe to protect people against LGBT+ discrimination, hate speech and hate crime. The fundamental human right to equality and dignity are analysed. The protection provided by EU anti-discrimination law is examined in detail, with attention being given to the question whether discrimination based on gender identity, gender expression and/or sex characteristics is covered. The anti-discrimination law in the five countries taken part in the Divercity project will be touched upon. EU measures in relation to hate speech and hate crime will be discussed together with national criminal law provisions in the five countries. The EU Victims Directive, which establishes minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, will be given specific attention as this could be important for victims of LGBT+ hate speech and hate crime. Its implementation in the five project countries will be included in this analysis.