GNR based Tapered Vivaldi antenna for THz band applications

•A novel TSA is projected utilizing graphene hybrid metal structure to obtain reconfigurable characteristics in operating frequency range from 0.5 to 0.9 THz.•Numerical Modeling of Graphene i.e., FDTD has been investigated to calculate the surface conductivity, electric field, and magnetic field.•The Impedance bandwidth of 41.5 % peak gain of 12.31 dBi, the directivity of 13.1 dBi, and radiation efficiency of 83.63 % have been observed for GNR-based Vivaldi antenna. This article presents a novel high gain Tapered Vivaldi antenna (TVA) utilizing Graphene Nano Ribbon (GNR) for the Terahertz band applications. The proposed design based on substrate extension technique and graphene hybrid metal structure to improve the radiation characteristics. It also derives the Electric and Magnetic field of graphene is systematically using FDTD numerical modeling. The reconfigurability properties of antenna can be achieved by changing the chemical potential. The result offers a minimum return loss of −58.68 dB, an impedance bandwidth of 298.84 GHz, a peak gain of 12.31 dBi, peak directivity of 13.1 dBi, and radiation efficiency of 83.63 %. The investigated results reveal the better results within the preferred frequency band. Therefore, the designed antenna can be useful for various THz applications.