Current Trends and Solutions for Port Energy Supply Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review

The energy sector is changing rapidly today. Global warming and other environmental challenges contributed to several international agreements aimed at fostering fossil-to-renewables debt. The energy sector consists of several interconnected sectors. Classically, the focus is on the transformation of the heating and electricity sectors, which has led to significant progress in the transformation of these sectors. The transport sector is an important sub-sector of energy, which can account for up to a third of all energy consumption in some regions and countries of the world. Despite all efforts to promote the greening of the transport sector, the pace of the process and the result achieved are very low. These are a number of reasons, one of which is the diversity of the transport sector. This study focuses on port infrastructure as the most important part of the maritime transport sector. The aim of the study is to identify current directions in relation to port energy infrastructure, main accelerating challenges, as well as possible solutions. The results of the studies show that decarbonisation receives the greatest attention and that active research and development of a number of solutions, including hydrogen, electrification and methanol, are underway.