Pregnancy Outcomes in Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are the most common disorders during fertility period, which causes complications in mother and fetus. The purpose of this study was to determine the maternal and neonatal complications in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with and without PCOS. Methods: This was a case-control study on 134 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in Imam hospital, Ahvaz, Iran during the years 2016-2017 were selected and divided into two groups of 67 cases with or without PCOS. Required information including demographic information, and maternal (preeclampsia, amniotic membrane rupture, runny nose, and others) and infant [intrauterine growth retardation, and hospitalization in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)] complications were extracted from the records and recorded in questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: Among the complications of pregnancy, there was no significant difference between the case and control groups in cases the growth of the fetus in the uterus (P = 0.360) and hospitalization in NICU (P = 0.473) in neonates, and premature rupture of the amniotic sac (P = 0.530), waterlogging (P = 0.610) in mothers. However, there was a significant difference in preeclampsia between the two groups (P < 0.001). Using logistic regression model, maternal weight variables (P = 0.007), gestational diabetes mellitus (P = 0.018), and maternal age (P = 0.040) were able to predict approximately 25% of dependent variables. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the PCOS in presence of gestational diabetes mellitus has role in preeclampsia, preterm delivery, and cesarean delivery is mothers, but does not affect other maternal and neonatal complications.