Review on electric mobility: Trends, challenges and opportunities

This review article discusses current developments in the Electric Vehicle (EV) industry, encompassing technological breakthroughs, challenges, and emerging research hotspots. EVs gained popularity as costs dropped and consumers grew more ecologically conscientious. The technological evolution of EV components, including the battery cell, electric motor, charging method, and utilized standards, is exhaustively detailed in this review. Encouraging sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation requires the production of electricity from clean energy sources for EV charging. Therefore, this study involves the application of advanced technologies like Vehicle to Grid (V2G) and Grid to Vehicle (G2V), in addition to the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). This article discusses the significance of the Battery Management System (BMS) in EVs for ensuring safe operation. The discussion also includes the efforts undertaken by various government bodies worldwide to encourage the adoption of EVs. The paper concludes by addressing the prospects for the near future in this area of study and the outstanding research boundaries that are available to academic and industry entities. This review article provides a comprehensive understanding of EV technology and its current trends in the market, limitations, and opportunities. The main objectives of this investigation are.•To foster knowledge of the additional benefits of battery-powered vehicles compared to traditional fossil fuel-powered automobiles.•To explore various kinds of powertrain technologies, battery technologies, vehicle charging techniques, as well as concepts such as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), and Vehicle-to-Building (V2B).•Additionally, it covered the standards employed in the electric vehicle (EV) sector and government regulations on adopting EVs.•To address challenges in adopting electric vehicles and propose feasible solutions for their successful implementation.