Adaptive dead-time modulation scheme for a bidirectional LLC resonant converter in energy router

Although the dead-time optimization design of resonant converters has been widely researched, classical design methods focus more on achieving zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation. The body diode loss is always ignored, which results in low-efficiency of the converter, especially, in energy router (ER). To deal with this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive deadtime modulation scheme for bidirectional LLC resonant converters in ER. First, the power loss of the MOSFET is analyzed based on the dead-time. Then, a novel dead-time optimization modulation principle is proposed. It can eliminate the body diode loss of MOSFET compared with existing literature. Based on the optimization modulation principle, this paper proposes an adaptive dead-time modulation scheme. To this end, the converter adopting the scheme no longer needs to calculate dead-time, which simplifies the parameter design process. Meanwhile, this scheme enables dead-time to dynamically change with working conditions according to the dead-time optimization modulation principle. With these effects, the ZVS operation is achieved, and the body diode loss of MOSFET is also eliminated. Furthermore, a digital implementation method is designed to make the proposed modulation scheme have fast-transient response. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed dead-time modulation scheme enables converters to achieve ZVS operation in all working conditions, and has higher efficiency than classical dead-time design methods.