Intratumoral heterogeneity as a predictive biomarker in anti-PD-(L)1 therapies for non-small cell lung cancer

The role of ITH in melanoma, esophageal and gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, and kidney cancer is acceptable, which will further expand the cancer types for potential applications of ITH. [...]the study did not explore the relationship between ITH and common immunotherapy-related biomarkers, such as PD-L1 expression and microsatellite instability. Whether there is consistency between tissue and plasma based ITH estimation is also not covered in our study. [...]the biological explanation of how ITH function in tumor progression remain unclear. [...]all data in this study are retrospective, and follow-up data validation is still required.