Efficient Robust Yield Method for Preparing Bacterial Ghosts by Escherichia coli Phage ID52 Lysis Protein E

Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are nonliving empty bacterial shells without cytoplasm retaining original morphology and identical antigenicity of natural bacteria, making them high potential and promising vaccine candidates and delivery vehicles. However, the low yield of commonly used BGs preparation methods limits its mass production and widely application. In order to improve BGs production, phage ID52 lysis protein E was introduced to generating BGs for the first time. Above all, we compared the lysis activity of lysis protein of phage φX174 and phage ID52 as well as the effects of promoters on the lysis activity of ID52-E, which shown that the lysis activity and BGs formation rate of protein ID52-E was significantly higher than protein φX174-E. Further, the lysis activity of ID52-E was significantly improved under the control of L-arabinose inducible promoter which initial induction OD reached as high as 2.0. The applicability of lysis protein ID52-E induced by L-arabinose was proved by preparing probiotic Nissle 1917 BGs and pathogenic BGs in mass production. This paper introduced a novel and highly efficient method for BGs preparation depending on recombinant expression of phage ID52-E under eco-friendly and reasonable price inducer L-arabinose.