Secondary parkinsonism induced by hydrocephalus after subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage

Hydrocephalus can induce secondary parkinsonism（Shahar et al.,1988;Aggarwal et al.,1997;Racette et al.,2004）.Physical factors such as increased ventricular pressure near the upper midbrain and basal ganglia are thought to cause mechanical disruption of dopaminergic systems（i.e.,the nigrostriatal pathways from the medial substantia nigra to the caudate nuclei and putamen and its frontal projection fibers from the basal ganglia）（Asamoto et al., 1998; Yomo et al., 2006）.