Linear regression approach for performance evaluation of ES with load impedance variations of non-critical and critical load

•In-depth analysis of load impedance variations and their impact on energy storage system performance.•Development of a linear regression approach for performance evaluation.•Comparative study of the proposed approach with simulation study.•Experimental validation of the approach using different impedance combinations for non-critical and critical load.•Discussion of the implications and potential applications of the findings. Due to the strengthening of decentralized power generation technology, renewable energy sources (RES) are developing moderately as next-generation additions to the modern power system. However, dense penetration of RES disturbs the stability of voltage and frequency. The Electric spring (ES) is a new advanced device that deals with voltage fluctuations due to the intermittent nature of RESs in distributed networks. Electric spring is an emerging demand-side management technique in the smart grid that can support the weakly regulated system voltage. This paper investigates the effect of load impedance variation of non-critical load and critical load on the performance of ES through MATLAB simulations. The loads considered are linear. The results obtained from the simulation study are used to construct a mathematical model using a simple linear regression technique. The results from the simulation study and linear regression analysis are similar. It is observed that the linear regression approach outperformed the simulation approach in terms of time complexity and predicted the real and reactive power management provided by ES for under-voltage and over-voltage conditions.