Ecological Study and Habitat Characteristics of Sea Cucumbers (Holothuroidea) in Kamal and Socah Waters, Bangkalan Regency, Madura, Indonesia

Sea cucumbers are economically valuable commodities in Bangkalan waters and play a crucial ecological role in marine ecosystems. Understanding their habitat characteristics and ecological health is essential for sustainable management and conservation. This study aims to assess the ecological health and habitat characteristics of sea cucumbers in Kamal and Socah waters of Bangkalan Regency, Madura, Indonesia. Sea cucumbers were collected using hand collection methods during low tide. Water quality and substrate conditions at the collection sites were evaluated to ensure suitability for sea cucumbers. The study identified four sea cucumber species: Phyllophorus sp., Phyllophorella spiculata, Acaudina leucoprocta, and Colochirus quadrangularis. Diversity indices were low (