Harnessing the healing power of nature: a review of natural interventions in substance abuse treatment and prevention

Substance abuse is a global problem that cuts across all sectors of society and requires innovative solutions that go beyond conventional treatments. Contact with nature could be a complementary tool to address drug-related problems. This review aimed to assess the impact of natural environments on drug-related outcomes. 8205 articles were screened between 2013 and 2023 from 6 databases, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (12) focused on treatment, followed by incidence/consumption (7), prevention (5) and mortality (1). The main drugs studied were drugs in general (12), followed by alcohol (6), tobacco (6), and other drugs, including cannabis and opioids (4). The results of 85% of the studies showed positive outcomes, supporting the effectiveness of nature-based interventions for drug dependence. While some studies produced neutral or negative results. The use of nature-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of drug addiction shows considerable potential. However, more research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and to improve evidence-based interventions. Integrating health and environmental policies is essential to promote a holistic approach to drug strategies at the national and international levels.