Ecophysiological responses of ´Turiaçu´ pineapple plants at vegetative and reproductive stages to soil fertilization and crop location
Pineapple is a tropical fruit with high demand by the fruit market in Brazil. Fruits of the cultivar ´Turiaçu` stans out in local consumer markets due to its excellent quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate ecophysiological responses of ´Turiaçu` pineapple plants at the vegetative and r...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Ciência rural 2024-01, Vol.54 (4) |
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Zusammenfassung: | Pineapple is a tropical fruit with high demand by the fruit market in Brazil. Fruits of the cultivar ´Turiaçu` stans out in local consumer markets due to its excellent quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate ecophysiological responses of ´Turiaçu` pineapple plants at the vegetative and reproductive stages to soil fertilization and crop location, and their effects in fruit yield. The study was conducted in the cities of São Luís and Turiaçu, MA, Brazil. Plants under mineral and organic fertilization in two locations, São Luís and Turiaçu, and in two seasons, dry and rainy season, were evaluated during dry and rainy seasons. Chlorophyll index, photochemical efficiency, gas exchange, and fruit yield were evaluated. The pineapple plants presented decrease in the photosynthetic activity, at both developmental stages and in both seasons, when grown in São Luís. The CO2 photosynthetic assimilation decreased. The PSI and PSII activity, according with photosynthetic index, was more sensitive at the reproductive than at the vegetative stage. The organic fertilization was not appropriate for the ´Turiaçu` pineapple crops, regardless of the crop location. The fruit yields were 54.4% and 57.9% lower in São Luís, under mineral and organic fertilization, respectively. Thus, the ecophysiology of ´Turiaçu` pineapple was more affected by water availability than by soil fertility in the municipality of Turiaçu.
RESUMO: O abacaxi é uma fruta tropical com alta demanda pelo mercado de frutas no Brasil. Os frutos da cultivar ´Turiaçu`se destacam nos mercados consumidores locais pela excelente qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as respostas ecofisiológicas de plantas de abacaxizeiro ´Turiaçu`nos estádios vegetativo e reprodutivo à adubação do solo e ao local de cultivo, e seus efeitos na produção de frutos. O estudo foi realizado nas cidades de São Luís e Turiaçu, MA, Brasil. Plantas sob adubação mineral e orgânica foram avaliadas durante as estações seca e chuvosa. Foram avaliados teores de clorofila, eficiência fotoquímica, trocas gasosas e produção de frutos. As plantas de abacaxi apresentaram diminuição da atividade fotossintética, em ambas as fases de desenvolvimento e em ambas as estações, quando cultivadas em São Luís. A assimilação fotossintética de CO2 diminuiu. A atividade de PSI e PSII foi mais sensível na fase reprodutiva do que na fase vegetativa. A adubação orgânica não foi adequada para as lavouras de abacaxi ´Turiaçu`, independente do loc |
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ISSN: | 0103-8478 1678-4596 1678-4596 |
DOI: | 10.1590/0103-8478cr20220592 |