A complex diagnostics of early gastric cancer associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical-anamnestic, serological, immunological and biochemical tests used for early diagnostics of gastric cancer associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Materials and methods. The control group consisted of 104 apparently healthy blood donors, the comparison group – 97 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis as well as a group of patients with early gastric cancer comprising 98 subjects. Assessment of monocyte and neutrophil spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence (CL) was carried out on a 36-channel biochemiluminometer BLM-3607. Phagocytosis was measured by using a Beckman Coulter FC 500 flow cytometer. A Varian Cary Eclipse spectrofluorometer was used to study lipid peroxidation and factors of the antioxidant defense system. Results and discussion. While studying the phagocytic arm of immunity, it was found that all patients with early gastric cancer were reported to have parameters of the maximum intensity for neutrophil spontaneous CL from 17 831 c.u. and lower, whereas induced CL reached at least 30 000 c.u. Phagocytic activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with early gastric cancer was 36% or less. While studying the indicators of monocytes, it was found that spontaneous and induced CL decreased from 454 c.u. and 1186 c.u., respectively, in the patients with early gastric cancer. Monocytic activity in early gastric cancer was 34% or less. In the study of lipid peroxidation, an antioxidant defense in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer had increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Patients with gastric cancer had decreased activity of the enzyme catalase (CAT), whereas subjects with chronic atrophic gastritis had reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPO) level. In contrast, patients with early gastric cancer were featured with increased GPO activity. We have proposed coefficients for assessing the factors of the antioxydant defence system in patients: the ratio for superoxide dismutase to catalase activity (SOD/CAT) as well as the ratio for superoxide dismutase to glutathione peroxidase activity (SOD/GPO). Conclusion. During the study, threshold values of parameters were obtained for assigning groups at high risk of developing early gastric cancer, which can be used for screening in adult population.