Cytokine Storm in Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Complications

The aim. To explore the current literature and key findings concerning the cytokine storm contribution to pathogenesis of COVID-19 complications and mortality, and summarize clinical and pathologic features of cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. A cytokine storm is a hyperinflammatory state seconda...

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Veröffentlicht in:Ukraïnsʹkyĭ z︠h︡urnal sert︠s︡evo-sudynnoï khirurhiï 2024-09, Vol.32 (3), p.73-84
Hauptverfasser: Rasputniak, Olga V., Gavrilenko, Tetiana I., Pidgaina, Olena A., Shnaider, Liudmyla M., Lomakovskyi, Oleksandr M., Kalashnikov, Sviatoslav A.
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:The aim. To explore the current literature and key findings concerning the cytokine storm contribution to pathogenesis of COVID-19 complications and mortality, and summarize clinical and pathologic features of cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. A cytokine storm is a hyperinflammatory state secondary to excessive production of cytokines by deregulated immune system. It manifests clinically as an influenza-like syndrome, which can be complicated by multi-organ failure and coagulopathy, leading in most severe cases even to death. Cytokine storm has recently emerged as key aspect in COVID-19 disease, as affected patients show high levels of several key pro-inflammatory cytokines, some of which also correlate with disease severity. The current review describes the role of critical cytokines in COVID-19-mediated cytokine storm. Key findings of the studies are provided further. A cytokine storm is associated with COVID-19 severity and is also a crucial cause of death from COVID-19. Impaired acquired immune responses and uncontrolled inflammatory innate responses may be associated with the mechanism of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Cytokine storm is defined as acute overproduction and uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory markers, both locally and systemically. In COVID-19 patients, pyroptosis triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines and affects macrophage and lymphocyte functions, causing peripheral lymphopenia. Cytokine storm is characterized by a clinical presentation of overwhelming systemic inflammation, hyperferritinemia, hemodynamic instability, and multi-organ failure. The cytokine storm clinical findings are attributed to the action of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor.
ISSN:2664-5963
2664-5971
DOI:10.30702/ujcvs/24.32(03)/RG042-7384