After Wildfires and Rewetting: Results of 15+ Years’ Monitoring of Vegetation and Environmental Factors in Cutover Peatland

On examples of n × 100 m2 permanent plots laid in 2005 on peatlands disturbed by quarrying and milling peat extraction in Meshchera National Park (central European Russia), changes in vegetation cover and environmental factors during self-revegetation, the impact of wildfire, and rewetting are considered. Peat extraction pits are overgrown with floating mats, on which mire, predominantly mesotrophic, vegetation is formed. Cofferdams with retained original mire vegetation contribute to the formation of a spatially diverse mire landscape, but they can also be prone to natural fires. The environmental conditions at the abandoned milled peat extraction sites do not favour natural overgrowth. The driest areas can remain with bare peat perennially. Such peatlands are the most frequent targets of wildfires, which have a severely negative impact and interrupt revegetation processes. Alien plant species emerge and disappear over time. To prevent wildfires and create conditions favourable for the restoration of mire vegetation, rewetting is required. With an average ground water level (GWL) during the growing season of −5 to +15 cm, mire vegetation can actively re-establish. Communities with near-aquatic and aquatic plants can form on flooded areas with GWL of +30. This generally contributes to both fire prevention and wetland diversity.