储藏条件对油莎豆及其油脂品质的影响Effect of storage conditions on the quality of tiger nut and its oil

为了探究不同储藏条件对油莎豆及其油脂品质的影响，将油莎豆在不同的温度(15、35 ℃)和湿度（11%、97%）下储藏40 d，测定油莎豆的含水量和含油量，以及油莎豆油的脂肪酸组成、维生素E含量和傅里叶红外光谱特征变化。结果表明：高湿（97%）条件下油莎豆含水量显著增加；低温低湿(15 ℃、11%）条件下油莎豆的含油量最高，为28.73%，高温高湿（35 ℃、97%）条件下最低，为26.82%；不同储藏条件下油莎豆油的脂肪酸组成没有显著变化，但高温和低湿储藏条件导致油莎豆油中饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量升高，单不饱和脂肪酸含量降低；油莎豆油中维生素E含量为171.34～183.80 mg/kg，主要成分为α-生育酚（117.70~126.12 mg/kg）和β-生育酚（40.55~45.38 mg/kg），相对于其他条件，高温低湿（35 ℃、11%）条件下油莎豆油中维生素E损失最严重；在试验考察范围内，储藏条件未对油莎豆油的官能团和结构产生明显影响。综上，选择适当的储藏条件有利于油莎豆的安全储藏。To investigate the effect of different storage conditions on the quality of tiger nut and its oil,tiger nut was stored at different temperatures (15,35 ℃) and humidity (11%, 97%) for 40 d, the moisture content and oil content of tiger nut, and fatty acid composition, vitamin E content and Fourier infrared spectral characteristics of tiger nut oil were determined. The results showed that the moisture content of tiger nut under high humidity (97%) conditions increased significantly. The oil content of tiger nut stored under the low temperature and low humidity (15 ℃, 11%) condition was the highest at 28.73%， and the lowest was 26.82% under the high temperature and high humidity (35 ℃, 97%) condition. Storage conditions had no significant effect on the composition of fatty acid of tiger nut oil,but high temperature and low humidity storage conditions resulted in higher saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents and lower monounsaturated fatty acid content in tiger nut oil. The vitamin E content of tiger nut oil ranged from 171.34-183.80 mg/kg， with α-tocopherol (117.70-126.12 mg/kg) and β-tocopherol (40.55-45.38 mg/kg) as the main components. The high temperature and low humidity (35 ℃, 11%) storage condition contributed to the most severe loss of vitamin E. Within the scope of the experiment, the storage conditions had no significant effect on functional group and structure of tiger nut oil. In summary,the selection of appropriate storage conditions can facilitate the safe storage of tiger nut.