Separation processes, I: Azeotropic rectification

In a series of two articles, the problems of azeotrope separation (part I) and the design of separation units (part II) were analyzed. The basic definition and equations of vapour-liquid equilibria for ideal and non-ideal systems, the importance of the activity coefficient calculation necessary for the analysis of non-ideal equilibrium systems, as well as theoretical aspects of azeotrope rectification and the determination of the optimal third component (modifier or azeotrope agent) are presented in the first part. U seriji od dva clanka analizira se problematika razdvajanja azeotropskih smesa (I deo) i projektovanje destilacionih uredjaja (II deo). U ovom clanku se definise ravnoteza izmedju pare i tecnosti kako kod idealnih tako i kod neidealnih sistema, znacaj koeficijenata aktivnosti koje treba definisati kod razmatranja ravnoteze neidealnih sistema, teorijski aspekt azeotropne rektifikacije i izbor optimalnog ravnoteznog modifikatora (azeotropnog agensa).