Hydropower potential of the Marsyangdi River and Bheri River basins of Nepal and their sensitivity to climate variables

Understanding the hydrology of the Himalayan region and its response to current and future climate scenarios is crucial for identifying the region's future water availability for infrastructural development. For this, the hydropower potential and the impact of future change on the hydrology of the Bheri River basin (BRb) and the Marsyangdi River basin (MRb) were analysed. The Glacio-hydrological Degree-Day Model version 2.0 (GDM V2.0), developed in the PCRaster dynamic modelling framework, was used to simulate the river runoff. Geospatial tools and different criteria were used to assess topographic features, identify suitable places for run-of-river (ROR) hydropower development, and estimate power potential. Eight scenarios with various combinations of temperature and precipitation changes were used to assess the hydropower potential. Increases in temperature by 0.5 and 1 °C (assumed for the near-term and mid-term future) and changes in precipitation of ±10 % and ±20 %, respectively, are used to conduct a sensitivity analysis for the hydropower potential. A total of 116 and 83 suitable sites were identified, and 4242 and 2823 MW power potentials were estimated in the BRb and the MRb, respectively. All the sensitivity scenarios show an increase in hydropower production, except for one with a drier scenario and less precipitation. The integration of a geographic information system (GIS) and a hydrological model helps us to understand the hydrological response to climate variables and its impact on hydropower in the Himalayan region.