Electrochemical Methods for Total Antioxidant Capacity and its Main Contributors Determination: A review
Backround: The present review focuses on electrochemical methods for antioxidant capacity and its main contributors assessment. The main reactive oxygen species, responsible for low density lipoprotein oxidation, and their reactivity are reminded. The role of antioxidants in counteracting the factor...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Open Chemistry 2015-01, Vol.13 (1) |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Backround: The present review focuses on
electrochemical methods for antioxidant capacity and
its main contributors assessment. The main reactive
oxygen species, responsible for low density lipoprotein
oxidation, and their reactivity are reminded.
The role of antioxidants in counteracting the factors
leading to oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases
occurence, is then discussed. Antioxidants can scavenge
free radicals, can chelate pro-oxidative metal ions, or
quench singlet oxygen. When endogenous factors (uric
acid, bilirubin, albumin, metallothioneins, superoxide
dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione
reductase, glutathione-S-transferase) cannot accomplish
their protective role against reactive oxygen species,
the intervention of exogenous antioxidants (vitamin C,
tocopherols, flavonoids, carotenoids etc) is required,
as intake from food, as nutritional supplements or as
pharmaceutical products.
Literature study: The main advantages of
electrochemical methods with respect to traditional,
more laborious instrumental techniques are described:
sensitivity, rapidity, simplicity of the applied analytical
procedure which does not require complicated sample
pre-treatment etc.
The paper reviews minutiously the voltammetric,
amperometric, biamperometric, potentiometric and
coulometric methods for total antioxidant capacity
estimation. For each method presented, the electroactivity
and the mechanism of electro-oxidation of antioxidant
molecules at various electrodes, as well as the influences
on the electroactive properties are discussed. The
characteristics of the developed methods are viewed from
the perspective of the antioxidant molecule structure
influence, as well as from the importance of electrode
material and/or surface groups standpoint.
The antioxidant molecule-electrode surface
interaction, the detection system chosen, the use of
modifiers, as well as the nature of the analysed matrix are
the factors discussed, which influence the performances
of the studied electrochemical techniques.
Conclusions: The electrochemical methods reviewed
in this paper allow the successful determination of the
total antioxidant capacity and of its main contributors in
various media: foodstuffs and beverages, biological fluids,
pharmaceuticals. The advantages and disadvantages
of the electrochemical methods applied to antioxidant
content and antioxidant activity assay are treated and
interpreted, in the case of various analysed matrixes.
Combining |
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ISSN: | 2391-5420 2391-5420 |
DOI: | 10.1515/chem-2015-0099 |