Clinical impact of metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in respiratory intensive care unit

The real-world clinical impact of mNGS on BALF in the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) is not yet fully understood. We investigated the clinical impact of mNGS on BALF samples obtained from 92 patients admitted to the RICU over a 2-year period. We utilized both mNGS and culture methods to evaluate the effectiveness of mNGS in diagnosing pulmonary infections. The clinical impact of mNGS were evaluated by the clinician committees. Among the 92 diagnosed patients, 78 cases (84.7 %) were determined to have infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, and the bacterial infections constituted the most prevalent diagnostic category. For mixed infection, the most common type was the Pneumocystis jironecii and cytomegalovirus co-infection. The mNGS results had a positive impact on the clinical management of 43 cases (46.7 %). Moreover, 19 cases (44.2 %) of positive clinical impacts were solely based on new diagnoses made possible by mNGS results. These new diagnoses were particularly helpful for identifying rare pathogens, which could not be detected by conventional diagnostic methods. The BALF mNGS has a positive real-world impact in RICU. Clinician committee play a critical role in ensuring the appropriate use of mNGS.