Environmental Impact Assessments of the Renewable Energy Technologies Adaptation

Using a method of multidimensional analysis, this study compares several renewable resources and technologies. Using the check-list matrix method, the environmental impacts of various renewable technologies are evaluated and compared based on their significance, impact, and duration. Based on their impact on soil, air, and water resources, solar thermal technologies and direct combustion of bio-mass resource have the highest impact scores, 31 and 27, respectively. With an impact score of 12, renewable energy from run-of-river is the most promising and sustainable option, followed by wind and solar PV with scores of 23 and 24 respectively. Based on the qualitative analysis conducted in the study, it can be concluded that all renewable technology options have a low to high varying significance impact on the environment and cannot be considered a comprehensive solution to Pakistan's environmental problem.