The nomogram for predicting nasal bleeding after endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas: a retrospective study

This study aimed to develop and validate a dynamic nomogram to assess the risk of nasal bleeding after endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection from June 2019 to June 2021. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen for independent risk factors for nasal bleeding from the training set. A multivariate logistic regression model was established, a nomogram was plotted, and it was validated in an internal validation set. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The nomogram indicators included anticoagulant use, sphenoid sinus artery injury, nasal irrigation, platelet count (PLT), and constipation. The predictive model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.932 (95% CI: 0.873-0.990) and 0.969 (95% CI: 0.940-0.997) for the training and validation sets, respectively, indicating good discrimination. The calibration curve showed good consistency between the actual and predicted incidence of nasal bleeding ( > 0.05). DCA indicated that the nomogram had good clinical net benefit in predicting postoperative nasal bleeding in patients. In summary, this study explored the incidence and influencing factors of nasal bleeding after endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection and established a predictive model to assist clinical decision-making.