Hydrogen Sulfide and Oxygen Homeostasis in Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review from Molecular Biology to Therapeutic Perspectives

Atherosclerosis is a complex pathological condition marked by the accumulation of lipids in the arterial wall, leading to the development of plaques that can eventually rupture and cause thrombotic events. In recent years, hydrogen sulfide (H S) has emerged as a key mediator of cardiovascular homeostasis, with potential therapeutic applications in atherosclerosis. This systematic review highlights the importance of understanding the complex interplay between H S, oxygen homeostasis, and atherosclerosis and suggests that targeting H S signaling pathways may offer new avenues for treating and preventing this condition. Oxygen homeostasis is a critical aspect of cardiovascular health, and disruption of this balance can contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that H S plays an important role in maintaining oxygen homeostasis by regulating the function of oxygen-sensing enzymes and transcription factors in vascular cells. H S has been shown to modulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, which plays a key role in regulating vascular tone and oxygen delivery to tissues. The comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of H S in atherosclerosis can pave the way for future research and the development of new therapeutic strategies for this debilitating condition. PROSPERO ID: 417150.