Androgen‐targeting therapeutics mitigate the adverse effect of GnRH agonist on the risk of neurodegenerative disease in men treated for prostate cancer

Background Prostate cancer and multiple neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) share an age‐associated pattern of onset. Therapy of prostate cancer is known to impact cognitive function. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of multiple classes of androgen‐targeting therapeutics (ATT) on the risk of NDD. Methods A retrospective cohort study of men aged 45 and older with prostate within the US‐based Mariner claims data set between January 1 and 27, 2021. A propensity score approach was used to minimize measured and unmeasured selection bias. Disease risk was determined using Kaplan–Meier survival analyses. Results Of the 1,798,648 men with prostate cancer, 209,722 met inclusion criteria. Mean (SD) follow‐up was 6.4 (1.8) years. In the propensity score‐matched population, exposure to ATT was associated with a minimal increase in NDD incidence (relative risk [RR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05–1.10; p