Heat and concentration analysis of two-layered muco-ciliary third grade fluid flow in human airways

Understanding the mechanisms involved in the movement and clearance of mucus within the human airways is important from a physiological perspective. A mathematical model of muco-ciliary two-layered fluid flow in a finite two-dimensional channel is proposed. Due to the presence of both the airway ciliary layer (ACL) and the periciliary liquid layer (PCL) in airways epithelial cells, the two-layered model is adopted. The third grade fluid models is used to characterize the viscoelastic nature of mucus secreted in the airways. The mathematical modeling of two-layer flow problem is simplified by using long wavelength and small Reynolds number approximation. A formulated set of partial differential equations (PDEs) is solved for series-form solutions of velocity, temperature, concentration, and pressure gradient by using the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The analysis delineated that with an increase in pressure gradient at airways entrance ξ the velocity and temperature increases while concentration decreases. Deborah numbers impact ACL and PCL velocities differently, with De(A) influencing flow direction and De(P) causing fluid to flow faster in the forward direction. It also emphasizes the significance of the rate of thermal diffusion, viscous dissipation, and relaxation time. The results showed that the suggested two-layered muco-ciliary model provides a better description of mucus transport in the human airways. The pressure gradient at the airways entrance has a significant impact on mucus transport through the airways.