Evolution of the Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Indication and Mortality Rates in Spain from 2010 to 2019

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are the main interventional treatments for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Both procedures are constantly being perfected and developed. This study aims to analyze the evolution of intervention mortality rates of PCI and CABG in recent years in Spain. We use a database of all hospital discharges from CABG and PCI procedures in Spain during two periods, between the years 2010 to 2012 and 2016 to 2019. We elaborate two multivariate regression logistic models to test the differences in mortality between the two periods and the two procedures, adjusting the mortality rates by age, gender, and comorbidities. We find strong evidence that CABG significantly reduced mortality rates, especially in complex patients, while PCI remained almost constant. We also discuss how physicians incorporate the improvement in procedures' performance into the decision-making for the recommendation of these two procedures in CAD patient management.