Environmental Impact Assessment of Air Quality Issues Caused by the Granite Quarrying and Stone Processing Industry in Ramanagara District, Karnataka State, India

The environmental impacts of mining, quarrying, and the stone processing industry are significant, affecting air quality, health, and the socioeconomic status of communities worldwide. Key contributors to air pollution include the waste of raw materials from quarrying, non-compliance with scientific protocols, and the extraction of natural mineral resources. The rapid increase in pollution sources, such as dust, water, and noise, has led to the release of various pollutants into the atmosphere, degrading local air quality. This study conducted sampling at twelve sites, adhering to the Central Pollution Control Board’s (CPCB) monitoring guidelines. Twelve metrics, including PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, O3, Pb, NH3, C6H6, C2OH12, As, and Ni, were measured twice a week over a three-month period (January 2024 to March 2024) by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in the research area. The results indicated that while SO2 and NOx levels were within permissible limits at all monitored locations, Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) levels were high at every station. The average baseline levels of PM10 (37.17 μg/m³ to 70.52 μg/m³), PM2.5 (16.98 μg/m³ to 39.85 μg/m³), SO2 (5.29 μg/m³ to 13.91 μg/m³), NOx (9.8 μg/m³ to 29.71 μg/m³), CO (0.15 mg/m³ to 0.32 mg/m³), O3 (6.9 μg/m³ to 15.37 μg/m³), and NH3, Pb, Ni, As, C2OH12, and C6H6 were below the detection levels (BDL) and limits of quantification (LOQ), all within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for commercial, industrial, and residential areas during the study period. This research highlights the urgent need for effective pollution control measures to mitigate the adverse environmental and health impacts of these industries.