Management of coal processing wastes: studies on an alternate technology for control of sulfate and chloride discharge

Management of coal mining and coal processing wastes, particularly of high sulfur coals, can generate excessive amounts of sulfate (SO 4 2− ) and chloride (Cl − ) in mine drainage that are known to negatively impact quality of both surface and ground water. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency provides guidance to states on allowable SO 4 2− and Cl − discharges from mine sites. This research evaluates the hypothesis that co-disposal of CCPW and FCPW with appropriate compaction can result in improved geochemical and geotechnical environments that will minimize acid mine drainage formation and SO 4 2− and Cl − discharges. Addition of ground limestone (ag-lime) to the mix was also evaluated as a drying agent and for improvement in overall geochemistry by buffering higher pH values within the coal waste. These objectives were to develop and implement innovative concepts for engineered co-management of CCPW and FCPW at coal mining sites. The authors performed long-term field column leaching studies to analyze improvement in SO 4 2− and Cl − in water quality. Requirements for stricter standards in some states led to the need for development of potentially improved environmental practices. This paper presents the overall encouraging results of the field kinetic studies.