Relationship between pelvic floor muscle function and insulin resistance among non-diabetic females: a 3d ultrasound evaluation

To use the three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound for assessment of pelvic floor muscle function in non-diabetic females with insulin resistance (IR), and to evaluate its functional relationship with insulin levels. From October 2022 to November 2023, 216 non-diabetic females with insulin-resistant (IR group) and 118 normal females (control group) were sequentially recruited from our hospital for our study. The 3D ultrasound was used to assess the levator hiatus in resting state for all females regarding diameter lines, perimeters and areas; as well as the Valsalva manoeuvre (VM). The -test and linear regression model were used to analyse the collected data. The analysis indicates that there were significant differences in the resting state of the levator hiatus between the IR and the control groups (14.8 ± 5.8 cm and 11.6 ± 2.7 cm ,