Analysis of the Effect of the Interaction of Genotype and Environment on the Yield Stability of Maize Varieties; Genetic Resources for Breeding

Maize (Zea mays L.) is widely cultivated worldwide and in Brazil under different production systems and technology levels. However, the interaction with different environments may hinder an accurate indication of maize genotypes. The effects of the genotype × environment (G × E) interaction and the stability parameters must be considered to indicate responsive genotypes for the different cultivation regions. Thirteen maize varieties, including nine traditional (farmer-led selection and adaptation) and four commercial (bred and produced for specific markets through formal breeding programs) varieties, were evaluated in nine environments in Espírito Santo, Brazil, to study G × E interaction, identify adaptable and stable materials, and explore variability through genetic resources, using a randomized block design with three replications. Adaptability and stability parameters were tested using five different methodologies. The variety Aliança approached the level considered as broad adaptability. Environments 5, 6, 7, and 9 were classified as unfavorable. The varieties Alfredo Chaves, Catete and Catetim showed good stability indexes, with an average productivity of 5870.36, 5259.27 and 4914.20 kg/ha, respectively. Our findings will allow the exploration of the variability and genetic resources of some important materials, providing potential for gains in genetic breeding.