Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Communities of Tropical Soil in China under Different Soil Utilization Types

The primary purpose of our study is to clarify the differences in physicochemical properties and microbial community composition with the continuous evolution of soil utilization types. Here, we used natural forest soil (NS), healthy banana garden soil (HS), diseased banana garden soil (DS), and paddy soil (PS) in tropical areas of Hainan Province to conduct this study. According to our research, the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria (HS/DS and PS) decrease significantly as soil utilization types evolve. In healthy banana soil, the amount of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes at the bacterial phylum level is more significant than in other soil utilization types. It was observed that the bacterial community structure in NS was notably distinct from that in HS and PS. Apart from paddy soil, the bacterial makeup of the other two soil utilization types mainly remained consistent. Pathogenic soil (DS) undergoes significant changes in its chemical properties. These changes are primarily seen as decreased pH and organic carbon content and increased C/N and inorganic nitrogen content (NH4+, NO3−). This suggests that a specific type of microorganism (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense) can cause a significant shift in the soil environment, leading to an unexpected change in soil type. Therefore, to ensure that the soil is healthy, we must balance the soil microbial community composition, promote the increase of the beneficial microbial species and quantity, and create an environment suitable for microbial growth.