Evaluation of Marine Wind Profiles in the North Sea and Norwegian Sea Based on Measurements and Satellite-Derived Wind Products

The wind conditions at oil platforms are typically measured at 40–140-m height, and then reduced to standard 10-m height before being distributed via the Global Telecommunication System. The 10-m values are further used for assimilation and verification of weather forecasts models. An accurate representation of the wind profile is therefore essential. Here five wind profiles; power law, Norsok, logarithmic, Monin-Obukhov and Gryning are studied to find the best method for reduction of platform wind speeds to 10-m height level. Observations from nine oil platforms are used together with 10-m wind speed from ASCAT for evaluation of the wind profiles. In addition the wind profiles are evaluated using observations from the FINO3 offshore mast outside Denmark. The present wind profile used for wind reduction at the oil platforms (power law with a constant wind-shear coefficient of 0.13) underestimates the 10-m wind speed by as much as 0.8 m/s on average. For near neutral atmospheric stability the Norsok and the logarithmic wind profiles yield on average a near perfect fit with a wind shear coefficient of 0.085. However, 10-m wind speeds are underestimated for unstable and overestimated for stable conditions. The Monin-Obukhov and Gryning wind profiles give the most accurate estimates of 10-m wind speed during unstable and near-neutral conditions. For stable situations the Gryning wind profile, which also includes information about height of the boundary layer, gives the best agreement, but still an underestimation of the low level wind speed is encountered. The results strongly underline that atmospheric stability needs to be taken into account. For future wind reduction from observation level to 10 meter, it is recommended to use a method which takes stability into account, for example the Gryning method. For long-term average assessments however, the logarithmic and Norsok wind profiles are sufficient.