Quantum computing: current and potential applications in digital agriculture

Abstract Quantum computers use the properties of quantum physics to perform information storage and processing operations. The operation of these computers involves concepts such as entanglement and superposition, which endow them with a great processing power that even surpasses that of the most powerful current supercomputers, while consuming significantly lower amounts of energy. The different studies analyzed in this review article suggest that quantum computing will have a deep impact in areas such as finance, logistics, transportation, space and automotive technology, materials science, energy, pharmaceutical and healthcare industry, cybersecurity, and agriculture. In digital agriculture, several applications that could be executed more efficiently in quantum computers for data processing and understanding of biological processes were identified and exemplified. These applications are grouped here into the following four areas: bioinformatics, remote sensing, climate modeling, and smart farming. This article also explores the strategic importance of mastering quantum computing, highlights some advantages in relation to classical computing, and presents a mapping of the services already available, enabling institutions to undertake strategic planning for the incorporation of quantum computing into their development processes. Finally, the challenges for the implementation of quantum computing are highlighted, along with some ongoing initiatives aimed at furthering research at the forefront of knowledge in this area applied to digital agriculture. Resumo Os computadores quânticos usam as propriedades da física quântica para realizar operações de armazenamento e processamento de informações. A operação desses computadores envolve conceitos como emaranhamento e superposição, que os dotam de grande poder de processamento que supera até mesmo o dos mais poderosos supercomputadores atuais, consumindo quantidades significativamente menores de energia. Os diferentes estudos analisados neste artigo de revisão sugerem que a computação quântica terá impacto profundo em áreas como finanças, logística, transporte, tecnologia espacial e automotiva, ciência dos materiais, energia, indústria farmacêutica e de saúde, segurança cibernética e agricultura. Na agricultura digital, foram identificadas e exemplificadas várias aplicações que poderiam ser executadas de forma mais eficiente em computadores quânticos para processamento de dados e compreensão de processos biológ