Mycotoxins in the silage: Causes of creating, aftermath and protection from acting

The causes of appearance of mold in the silage, genus and species of fungi which biosynthesize mycotoxins, acting consequences of micotoxins, prevention of fungi growth and possibilities to prevent their negative effects are shown in this paper. Also, the results of mycotoxins presence in the silage (corn and lucerne) in Vojvodina in the period 2000-2004 are presented. The most commonly found mycotoxins were zearale-none in 60.6% of analyzed samples and DAS in 30.3% of samples. Silage contamination with ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin was between 15.2 and 21.2%. The content of mycotoxins DAS and T2 toxin was above the values allowed by regulative. The solutions which contribute to the prevention of development of the molds and elimination of negative effects of mycotoxins in silage were analyzed and suggested. U radu se ukazuje na uzroke pojave plesni u silazi, rodove/vrste plesni koje biosintetisu mikotoksine, posledice njihovog delovanja, mere sprecavanja razvoja i mogucnosti otklanjanja stetnog uticaja. Istaknuto je da usled propusta u tehnologiji siliranja (nedovoljno gazenje, prisustvo vazduha) pri vlaznosti mase za siliranje, postoje povoljni uslovi za razvoj plesni koje biosintetisu toksine stetne po zdravlje zivotinja i ljudi. Oni mogu da izazovu zdravstvene poremecaje ukljucujuci i patohistoloske promene na organima i tkivima deponuju se u proizvodima (mleku, mesu i jajima) i na taj nacin ugroze zdravlje ljudi. U radu su izlozeni rezultati prisustva mikotoksina u silazi (kukuruz i lucerka) u Vojvodini u periodu 2000-2004. Najcesce prisutan mikotoksin bio je zearalenon u 60,6% analiziranih uzoraka, a potom DAS u 30,3% uzoraka. Kontaminiranost silaze ohratoksinom A, aflatoksinom B1 i T-2 toksinom bila je izmedju 15,2 i 21,2%. Sadrzaj mikotoksina DAS i T-2 toksina bio je na granici ili iznad vrednosti koje dozvoljava Pravilnik (Sluzbeni list SRJ, br. 2/90). Vrednosti za ostale mikotoksine bile su ispod maksimalno dozvoljenih kolicina. Analizirana su i predlozena resenja koja doprinose suzbijanju razvoja plesni i mikotoksina.