Venus’ light slab hinders its development of planetary-scale subduction

Terrestrial planet Venus has a similar size, mass, and bulk composition to Earth. Previous studies proposed that local plume-induced subduction existed on both early Earth and Venus, and this prototype subduction might initiate plate tectonics on Earth but not on Venus. In this study, we simulate the buoyancy of submerged slabs in a hypothesized 2-D thermo-metamorphic model. We analyze the thermal state of the slab, which is then used for calculating density in response to thermal and phase changes. The buoyancy of slab mantle lithosphere is primarily controlled by the temperatures and the buoyancy of slab crust is dominated by metamorphic phase changes. Difference in the eclogitization process contributes most to the slab buoyancy difference between Earth and Venus, which makes the subducted Venus’ slab consistently less dense than Earth’s. The greater chemical buoyancy on Venus, acting as a resistance to subduction, may have impeded the transition into self-sustained subduction and led to a different tectonic regime on Venus. This hypothesis may be further tested as more petrological data of Venus become available, which will further help to assess the impact of petro-tectonics on the planet’s habitability. The simulation of slab buoyancy in 2-D models shows that Venus’ light slabs, due to a less eclogitized crust, experience more resistance to subduction. Thus, plate tectonics might have been more difficult to develop on Venus than on Earth.