Design and Simulation Analysis of Stator Slots for Small Power Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors

With the development of power electronics technology, permanent magnet brushless DC motors have developed rapidly and are now widely used in electric vehicles, flywheel energy storage, rail transit, and other applications. The stator slot structure is one of the main factors affecting the performance of the motor. A low-power permanent magnet brushless DC motor was selected as the research object, and the finite element analysis method was used to study the effects of different slot and pole combinations and stator slot types on the cogging torque, reluctance torque, and back electromotive force of the permanent magnet brushless DC motor. The influence of the stator slot structure of the motor on the performance of the motor was analyzed, and the optimal slot-pole combination and stator slot type were determined. The results showed that the cogging torque of the 2-stage 24-slot motor was 14 mN·m, and the reluctance torque was 75 mN·m. The cogging torque and reluctance torque were the smallest, and the back electromotive force waveform was similar to a trapezoidal wave. The motor cogging torque of the pear-shaped round slot was the smallest, with a value of 460 mN·m, and the motor reluctance torque of the pear-shaped trapezoidal slot was the smallest, with a value of 1.2 N·m. The back electromotive force waveforms of the motors with four different stator slot types were similar.