Adsorbed Chemical Elements of River Runoff of Solids and Their Role in the Transformation of Dissolved Matter Runoff into the Ocean

A procedure for experimental modeling of sorption–desorption processes in the mixing zone of river and sea waters, which excludes the determination of the absolute concentrations of adsorbed chemical elements, has been proposed. Based on experimental data, quantitative characteristics of the ion-exchange transformation of dissolved matter runoff during the penetration of terrigenous material into the marine environment were obtained. The real input of calcium into the ocean as a result of desorption from the solid substances of river runoff increases by 8.3–8.7%, while input of sodium, potassium, and magnesium decreases by 14.0–14.6, 22.2–23.3, and 3.0–3.2% of their dissolved river runoff. For trace elements, sorption–desorption processes lead to an increase in the runoff of dissolved manganese, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, thallium, barium, and ammonium by 98.6–103.5, 20.6–21.6, 3.8–4.0, 15.6–16.5, 4.7–4.9, 20.3–21.3, and 0.8% and to a decrease in the runoff of dissolved lead and cesium by 9.1–9.4 and 2.6–2.8%.