Application of fractional differential equations to heat transfer in hybrid nanofluid: modeling and solution via integral transforms

This article deals with the generalization of natural convection flow of C u − A l 2 O 3 − H 2 O hybrid nanofluid in two infinite vertical parallel plates. To demonstrate the flow phenomena in two parallel plates of hybrid nanofluids, the Brinkman type fluid model together with the energy equation is considered. The Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative and the Laplace transform technique are used to developed exact analytical solutions for velocity and temperature profiles. The general solutions for velocity and temperature profiles are brought into light through numerical computation and graphical representation. The obtained results show that the velocity and temperature profiles show dual behaviors for 0 < α < 1 and 0 < β < 1 where α and β are the fractional parameters. It is noticed that, for a shorter time, the velocity and temperature distributions decrease with increasing values of the fractional parameters, whereas the trend reverses for a longer time. Moreover, it is found that the velocity and temperature profiles oppositely behave for the volume fraction of hybrid nanofluids.