豆渣基固体酸的制备及催化大豆油的环氧化Preparation of soybean dreg based solid acid and its catalytic epoxidation of soybean oil

为了促进豆渣的资源化利用，以豆渣为原料，通过同步炭化磺化法制备豆渣基固体酸催化剂，并将其应用于催化合成环氧大豆油,考察了磺化剂种类、磺化剂用量、磺化温度及磺化时间对豆渣基固体酸结构及催化性能的影响。结果表明：以硫酸为磺化剂，在硫酸与豆渣质量比2∶ 1、磺化温度190 ℃和磺化时间10 h的条件下，制备的豆渣基固体酸BD-1-2对大豆油的环氧化反应表现出较好的催化性能，环氧大豆油的环氧值达到6.30%；BD-1-2在200 ℃以内可保持热力学性质稳定; 扫描电镜结果显示,BD-1-2结构中包含表面光滑的微球结构以及表面粗糙的无规则片状结构；BD-1-2经4次使用后仍保持较好的催化性能。综上，所制备的BD-1-2可应用于环氧大豆油的高效合成。 In order to promote the resource utilization of soybean dreg, soybean dreg based solid acids were prepared by simultaneous carbonization and sulfonation using soybean dreg as raw material, and used as catalyst for the epoxidation of soybean oil. The effects of sulfonation agent type, sulfonation agent dosage, sulfonation temperature and sulfonation time on the structure and catalytic performance of soybean dreg based solid acid were investigated. The results showed that soybean dreg based solid acid (BD-1-2) prepared with sulfuric acid as sulfonation agent under the conditions of mass ratio of sulfuric acid to soybean dreg 2∶ 1, sulfonation temperature 190 ℃ and sulfonation time 10 h,had better catalytic property for the epoxidation of soybean oil with epoxy value reaching 6.30%. The thermodynamic property of the BD-1-2 could be maintained stable up to 200 ℃. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the structure of BD-1-2 contained microspheres with smooth surface and irregular lamellar structure with rough surface. In addition, BD-1-2 still kept good catalytic performance after 4 runs. Therefore, BD-1-2 prepared can be applied to the efficient synthesis of epoxidized soybean oil.