Green synthesized Zingiber officinale -ZnO nanoparticles: anticancer efficacy against 3D breast cancer model

ZnO NPs were prepared via green synthesis utilizing . Physical characterization and biological activity were performed against 2D, and 3D spheroids MCF-7 cell lines. The NPs exhibited 188.9, 175.7 and 171.2 nm size with charge of -8.2, -11.7 and -9.7 mV for the 2%, 3% and 4% formulations. XRD confirmed a wurtzite hexagonal phase. FTIR spectra showed Zn-O stretching vibrations. The 2%, 3% and 4% formulations presented IC values of 14.7, 26.2 and 47 μg/ml, respectively, with complete destruction of MCF-7 spheroids. Elevated levels suggested an inflammatory-mediated mechanism of action. 2% -derived ZnO NPs showed antitumor potential against deserving further mechanistic and explorations.