Optimal Hybrid Pulse Width Modulation for Three-Phase Inverters in Electric Propulsion Ships

Global interest in environmentally friendly ships has surged as a result of greenhouse gas reduction policies and the demand for carbon neutrality. Despite growing demand for electric propulsion systems, there is a lack of research and development on crucial components. Efficiency and stability are primarily influenced by the performance of inverters, which are essential for driving propulsion motors. Existing inverter control techniques can be of two types: continuous-PWM (pulse width modulation) methods for harmonic performance enhancement and discontinuous-PWM methods for efficiency improvement by reducing losses. However, there are limitations in that each PWM method exhibits substantial variations in inverter performance based on its operating conditions. To address these challenges, this study proposes the hybrid pulse-width-modulation (HPWM) method for optimal inverter operation. By analyzing the inverter’s operating conditions, the proposed HPWM method adopts various pulse-width-modulation (PWM) strategies based on a modulation index to achieve harmonic improvement and loss reduction. Our focus is on comparing and analyzing diverse PWM techniques under varying modulation indices and frequency conditions to attain the optimal operating conditions. Experimental validation of the proposed method was conducted using a 2.2 kW dynamometer. In comparison with existing PWM methods, the proposed method demonstrated superior performance.