Clinical assessment of neonatal complications in infants born to diabetic mothers in Qena Governorate

Back ground: Diabetes is one of the commonest and important metabolic disorders that affect the health of pregnant women and infant. About 3-10% of all pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus. There are two types of diabetes that occur in pregnancy, first is gestational diabetes that first diagnosed during pregnancy and pre-gestational diabetes which starts before pregnancy. Adverse outcome are not confined to pre-gestational diabetes alone. Maternal and infant morbidity and mortality are also high amongst gestational diabetes. Objective: To detect relative frequency of various neonatal complications in infants born to diabetic mothers at Qena University Hospital and other hospitals inside Qena Governorate. Patients and methods: This is a cohort prospective study of neonates admitted at NICU department or attended the outpatient clinic of nursery of Qena University Hospital and other hospital inside Qena Governorate between April 2018 to March 2019. Results: In this cohort prospective study that included all patients who were either admitted at NICU department or attended the outpatients clinic of nursery at Qena University Hospital and other hospitals inside Qena Governorate between April 2018 to March 2019. Clinical evaluation were done on 220 cases during the period of the study. The age of the patients ranged with a mean andSD1.2 + .7days, 164 infants have complications in our study with different presentations as difficult breathing (54.5%), cyanosis(16.8%), jitterness(14.5%), yellowish discoloration(16.8%). The relative frequency of complications were, respiratory(54.5%), metabolic(39.5%), cardiac(16.8%), jaundice(16.8%), macrosomia(12.3%), skeletal(9.5%), hematological(8.6%) and neurological(5%). Conclusion: Bothmaternal diabetes ,gestational and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus lead to complications in infants born to those mothers. Respiratory complications were the most common complications among the cases. Cardiac, macrosomia and neurological complications were higher in pre-gestational diabetes than gestational diabetes.