Isolation of methyl caffeate and flacourtin from Flacourtia jangomas with comprehensive in-vitro and in-vivo pharmacological evaluation

Flacourtia jangomas, the Indian Coffee Plum or Indian Plum, is a medicinal plant found in Bangladesh and South Asia. Renowned for its potential as a source of bioactive compounds, this plant has garnered attention for its diverse therapeutic applications. This study aims to isolate phytochemicals and investigate the biological properties of methanol extracts from the bark of Flacourtia jangomas. The dried coarse plant powder was extracted with methanol and dried with a rotary evaporator. Then, the plant extract was subjected to phytochemical screening using various test reagents. Furthermore, extracts were investigated for isolating and characterizing chemical compounds and some of their biological activities. The chloroform fraction of the methanolic extract of Flacourtia jangomas (MEFJ) yielded methyl caffeate and flacourtin, the first ever reported from this plant. Secondary metabolites were found via phytochemical screening, and total phenolic content was assessed. MEFJ was compared to BHT in the DPPH experiment for antioxidant potential. The brine shrimp lethality assay showed MEFJ's greater cytotoxicity than vincristine sulfate. Compared to streptokinase, increasing concentration increased thrombolytic activity and clot lysis. Compared to ciprofloxacin, F. jangomas did not exhibit substantial antibacterial activity (P