Neem Oil: Classification and Environmental Risk Analysis for Application in the Fertiliser Industry and Agriculture

Sustainable agricultural practices are increasingly important to meet the food demands of the growing world population. The most important aspect of sustainable agriculture involves gradually abandoning synthetic and harmful pesticides, and switching to natural and soil-friendly practices. Neem oil, derived from the seeds of the neem tree primarily found in India, contains the active ingredient azadirachtin. Azadirachtin serves as a pesticide against harmful insects, especially in agriculture. Its widespread utilisation stems from its benign impact on living organisms, including humans, animals and plants. This review discusses the effects of neem oil on living organisms in soil, followed by the discussion of both qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques for measuring neem oil. Additionally, the environmental effects of neem oil in agriculture are discussed in relation to the current regulations and initiatives by environmental protection organisations. Održive poljoprivredne prakse sve su važnije za zadovoljavanje prehrambenih potreba rastuće svjetske populacije. Ključni aspekt održive poljoprivrede uključuje postupno napuštanje sintetskih i štetnih pesticida te prijelaz na prirodne, ekološki prihvatljive metode. Ulje biljke nima, koja primarno raste u Indiji, dobiva se iz sjemenki biljke. To ulje sadrži azadirahtin, pesticid učinkovit protiv insekata, osobito u poljoprivredi. Njegova široka primjena proizašla je iz benignog učinka na žive organizme, uključujući ljude, životinje, okoliš i biljke. Ovaj pregledni rad analizira učinke ulja nima na organizme u tlu, a zatim se fokusira na kvalitativne i kvantitativne tehnike za analizu ulja nima. Također su komentirani ekološki učinci ulja nima u poljoprivredi u kontekstu postojećih regulativa i inicijativa organizacija za zaštitu okoliša.